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Time Paradigm

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The Time Paradigm is used to measure time perception by asking the participant to estimate when one minute has passed.  The measurement of time perception has been useful for studying the behavior of impulsive individuals where timing of cognitive and behavioral events are thought to be inherently disrupted.  

The Time Paradigm was developed for the assessment of time perception.  This program allows for numerous changes in parameter settings for the systematic exploration of time perception, as well as the effect of performance feedback and reinforcement/punishment on time perception.  The measurement of time perception has been useful for studying the behavior of impulsive individuals where timing of cognitive and behavioral events are thought to be inherently disrupted.  For the impulsive person, time seems to pass more slowly causing them to guess, for example, that five minutes have elapsed when only four minutes have actually passed.  The accuracy of time perception has been negatively related to both laboratory behavioral (e.g., Immediate and Delayed Memory Tasks) and self-report (Barratt Impulsivity Scale) measures of impulsivity.  One exception is that this relationship is not maintained for shorter time intervals (i.e., 1-10 seconds).

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BIBLIOGRAPHY:

When time flies: How abstract and concrete mental construal affect the perception of time

Hansen J, Trope Y. (2013).

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142, 336-347.      PubMed

A double-blind trial of the effect of docosahexaenoic acid and vitamin and mineral supplementation on aggression,
impulsivity, and stress

Long S-J, Benton D.  (2013).

Human Psychopharmacology, 28, 238-247.       PubMed

The effects of subjective time pressure and individual differences on hypotheses generation and action prioritization in police investigations

Alison L, Doran B, Long ML, Power N, Humphrey A. (2013).

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 19, 83-93.       PubMed

The role of impulsivity in the relationship between anxiety and suicidal ideation.

Shaefer KE, Esposito-Smythers C, Riskind JH.  (2012).

Journal of Affective Disorders, 143, 95-101.       PubMed

The relationship between self-report and lab task conceptualizations of impulsivity

Cyders MA, and Coskunpinar A. (2012).

Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 121-124.

Impulsivity and risk-taking in co-occurring psychotic disorders and substance abuse.

Duva, S. M., Silverstein, S. M., and Spiga, R.  (2011).

Psychiatry Research, 186, 351-355.     PubMed

Impulsiveness and time perception in alcohol dependent patients in alcoholic rehabilitation treatment.

Cangemi, S., Giorgi, I., Bonfiglio, N. S., Ranati, R., and Vittadini, G.  (2010).

Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia, Supplemento B, Psicologia, 32, B24-B28.

Impulsive and premeditated subtypes of aggression in Conduct Disorder: Differences in time estimation.
Dougherty, D. M., Dew, R. E., Mathias, C. W., Marsh, D. M., Addicott, M. A., and Barratt, E. S. (2007). 
Aggressive Behavior, 33, 574-582.  PubMed

Laboratory measures of impulsivity.
Dougherty, D. M., Mathias, C. W., Marsh, D. M., and Jagar, A. A. (2005).   
Behavior Research Methods, 37, 82-90. 

Validation of the Immediate and Delayed Memory Tasks in hospitalized adolescents with Disruptive Behavior Disorders.
Dougherty, D. M., Bjork, J. M., Harper, R. A., Mathias, C. W., Moeller, F. G., and Marsh, D. M.  (2003).
The Psychological Record, 53, 509-532.

 

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